Hi Eesha,
Exercise affects every system of the body. Effects depend on the nature, volume and intensity of exercise. Some of the major physiological effects of exercise are:
*Circulatory System: Exercise especially the aerobic exercises has a profound effect our circulatory system. Exercise increases the cardiac efficiency to pump blood with less effort. With regular exercises resting heart rate lowers down, also the blood pressure is maintained along with this there is less risk of getting heart diseases. Regular exercise helps in removing bad cholesterol i.e. LDL from the blood and increases the level of good cholesterol i.e. HDL.
*Respiratory System: Regular exercise improves respiratory efficiency. There is increase in lung volumes and capacities thus, our lungs are able to deliver more oxygen at rest as well as at stress.
*Endocrine System: Exercise helps in regulating hormonal balance within the body. Regular exercises along with controlled diet can effectively help in managing diabetes. Also there are positive responses seen in cases of thyroid hormone disorder.
*Musculo-Skeletal System: Exercises can improve muscle work; depending on the type of exercises one can improve muscular endurance and strength. Regular exercises can slow down the age related changes in musculo-skeletal system i.e. muscle wasting, arthritis, osteoporosis etc. According to recent studies individuals who exercise regularly have good balance and are less likely to fall.